BRI Top Position of 8 Indonesian Companies Entering Forbes Global 2,000

PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk or BRI is included in the Forbes Global 2,000 list for 2023. BRI has managed to occupy the top position among other Indonesian companies. Internationally known, BRI is ranked 307th, an increase compared to last year’s achievement, namely 349th in the world. From this list, 8 companies from Indonesia are included, the majority of which are State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN). The Forbes 2,000 list lists the world’s 2,000 largest public companies based on sales, profit, assets, and market value. The list of Indonesian companies that are included in the Forbes The Global 2,000 list in 2023 consecutively are BRI (307), Mandiri (418), BCA (462), Telkom Indonesia (787), BNI (930), Bayan (983), Adaro (1,393), and Garuda Indonesia (1,572).
BRI has proven to produce impressive records on 4 assessment indicators. Starting from a profit perspective, which reached US$ 3.45 billion or IDR 51.4 trillion on an annual basis (Year on Year/YoY). Apart from that, BRI also recorded US$119.84 billion or IDR 1,865.64 trillion in terms of assets, a double-digit growth of 11.18% yoy from the previous year. In terms of sales, BRI has recorded figures of US$13.16 billion or approximately IDR 195.8 trillion, and BRI’s market value reached US$53.79 billion or IDR 799.2 trillion.
Not only these four indicators, but there are also a number of other factors used to rank Forbes, including the timeliness of data collection, company reporting policies, country-specific reporting policies, and the time lag between when the company releases its financial data and when the Forbes database verifies it for ranking.
In total, the companies on the list generated US$50.8 trillion in sales, US$4.4 trillion in profits, US$231 trillion in assets and US$74 trillion in market value. However, the cumulative profits, assets and overall market value achieved by the 2000 companies fell slightly compared to last year, although this is the first time that total revenue has exceeded US$50 trillion.
There are 58 countries represented by public companies on the list. The United States leads with 611 companies and China comes second with 346 Global 2000 companies.

June 13, 2023, detikFinance
(https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-6770133/bri-posisi-teratas-dari-8-perusahaan-ri-yang-masuk-forbes-global-2000)

Indonesia-South Korea DevelopEnvironmentally Friendly Waste Management Technology

The Indonesian government through the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) will work together to develop environmentally friendly waste management technology. This is one of the focuses in the collaboration that will be carried out with Pusan National University (PNU), South Korea through the establishment of a center for cooperation on environmentally friendly marine technology. Together with PNU President Cha Jeong In, Director General of Marine Spatial Management Victor Gustaaf Manoppo will work together to develop technology in shipyards and the maritime sector of the two countries. Victor expressed his concern about the condition of marine debris and plastic which threatens the health of marine biodiversity, industry, and society. Therefore, marine, and plastic waste is a global issue that must be handled by involving various parties and countries.
“Reducing marine and plastic waste is relevant to one of the KKP’s blue economy policies, namely cleaning the oceans through the participation of fishermen, we call it the Love the Sea Month program,” he said on Friday (2/6) at the Hydrogen Ship Technology Center Pusan National University (PNU HSTC) when signing the Letter of Intent (LoI), quoted on Sunday (4/6/2023).
He continued, this collaboration is the first step to further explore how to create healthier oceans through the use of technology that can reduce marine waste and plastic so that it will contribute to the conservation of the marine environment, the sustainable use of marine resources and the achievement of national targets to address the volume plastic waste.
“I appreciate the progress of the collaboration that has been pioneered and make this momentum a joint effort to overcome the problem of marine debris and plastic waste in our oceans,” he explained.
On the same occasion, PNU President Jeong In Cha revealed that the Hydrogen Ship Technology Center is an example of an environmentally friendly ship for collecting and processing marine debris floating in the sea.
“Hydrogen Ship Technology Center (HSTC) submitted this agreement to Pusan National University, and Professor Jae Myung Lee as head of the Hydrogen Ship Technology Center received administrative and financial support from the government for resources and development in the field of hydrogen ships. In addition, Hydrogen Ship Technology The Center is attracting great attention at home and abroad because it promotes development projects and is an example of an environmentally friendly ship that collects and processes floating marine debris,” he explained.
In the future, Pusan National University will make various efforts to strengthen joint research at the international level in engineering, environment and marine. PNU will also hold student exchanges or cooperation in the development of maritime policies and environmentally friendly policies.
“I hope Korea and Indonesia can maintain a partnership that will contribute to the international community, such as solving the marine debris problem, through future cooperation,” he concluded.

June 4, 2023, detikFinance
(https://finance.detik.com/infrastruktur/d-6754662/indonesia-korsel-kembangkan-teknologi-pengelolaan-sampah-ramah-lingkungan)

The Emirates Hopes to Tap Rising Demand in Indonesia After Maiden A380 Landing

Emirates, the largest Airbus A380 superjumbo jet operator worldwide, intends to expand its operations in Indonesia after the successful maiden deployment of its A380 aircraft to Bali. Following the historic landing, Emirates said it would study demand at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport before deciding whether to deploy its A380 service to Jakarta.
“We’re pleased to achieve this milestone, which will greatly strengthen our operations in Indonesia, as well as our future commercial plans for the market,” Mohammad Al Attar, Emirates’ country manager for Indonesia told reporters on Thursday.
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 15 airlines were operating the A380, but many put the aircraft in storage as the pandemic hit air travel demand. Air France became the first to retire its entire A380 fleet in May 2020. However, a number opted to keep the aircraft operational, especially after the easing of pandemic restrictions in many parts of the world. Germany-based Lufthansa and United Arab Emirates-based Etihad Airways were among the most recent airlines to reactivate their A380 fleets. Emirates’A380 arrival at I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali demonstrated its long-standing commitment to the country’s travel and tourism sector, the airline said. The airline added that it was well prepared to meet the rising demand to serve flights to and from Bali with the A380.
Handy Heryudhitiawan, general manager of I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport, said on Thursday the operator had checked the airport’s airside and landside facilities to ensure they met the requirements to serve Airbus A380 flights. This includes having an aviobridge with two trunks to allow passengers to board and disembark the double-deck jet airliner as well as improved waiting room and toilet capacity at terminals and adjustments to the airport’s aircraft refueling capacity.
Transportation Ministry Civil Aviation Director General M. Kristi Endah Murni said on Thursday that Emirates’A380 would serve a daily flight between Dubai and Denpasar, Bali. The ministry hoped the aircraft could contribute to increasing tourist numbers to Bali and other parts of Indonesia due to its greater passenger capacity.
Bali Governor I Wayan Koster lauded the opening of the A380 route to Indonesia. He said the number of visitors to Bali had increased significantly since travel restrictions in Indonesia were dropped in 2022. In 2022, 1.1 million foreign tourists visited Bali, while in just the first four months of this year already over 1.4 million visitors had come to the island, he said.
“I hope that the Emirates A380 will serve as a model for other airlines to fly their aircraft to Bali, enabling Bali’s tourism to rebound,” I Wayan said. Elaborating further, I Wayan added that he hopes “visitors from other countries will be respectful of local rules.”

June 2, 2023, The Jakarta Post
(https://www.thejakartapost.com/business/2023/06/02/emirates-hopes-to-tap-rising-demand-in-indonesia-after-maiden-a380-landing.html)

Korea Builds LRT in Bali, Aims for MRT Jakarta Projects

South Korea expressed its readiness to build LRT light train projects in Bali. Meanwhile, the Ginseng Negeri also glanced at the Jakarta Phase 4 MRT project from Fatmawati to Taman Mini. For this reason, Transportation Minister Budi Karya Sumadi held a bilateral meeting with South Korean Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation Hee-Ryong Won. Both discussed the development of cooperation between the two countries, one of which concerns the two projects.
The meeting took place on Tuesday (30/5), at the Conrad Hotel, Seoul, South Korea after the two ministers were speakers at the ICAO Global Implementation Support Symposium (GISS) 2023 meeting in the same place.
On this occasion, Budi Karya conveyed the development of a number of railroad projects in collaboration with South Korea. First related to the feasibility study plan that will be carried out for the LRT development project in Bali. Then the Jakarta Phase 4 MRT development project was developed, which was signed by its MoU in 2022.
“Where South Korea through K-Consortium has submitted a pre-feasibility study which the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government is currently reviewing,” Budi Karya said in his statement, Wednesday (5/31/2023).
For the record, the MRT Phase 4 project will connect the Fatmawati-mini-banned 11 km. In this project, 10 fully underground stations will be built. The total investment value required is IDR 21 trillion.
Meanwhile, the LRT project in Bali requires an investment of IDR 10 trillion. The LRT project in Bali will connect I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport to the main wiata object in Badung Regency. Furthermore, the route will be developed towards all regions in Bali.

May 31, 2023, CNBC Indonesia
(https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20230531124340-4-442145/daebak-korea-bangun-lrt-di-bali-bidik-proyek-mrt-jakarta)

Indonesia Explores Opportunities for Fisheries Cooperation with Chinese Maritime City

The Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Sakti Wahyu Trenggono is exploring the potential of fisheries cooperation with the City Government of Fuzhou, China. China is considered to be a strategic market for Indonesian fisheries products. It is known, the value of fishery exports last year reached US $ 1.12 billion. Or up 26.29% from 2021. The main export fishing products include shrimp, octopus squirt squid, seaweed, and crab crab. While Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian Province and is dubbed as a maritime city because of the location of its territory and the development of the marine industry is very rapid.
“This morning we briefly reviewed several fisheries industries in Fuzhou, and we view that Indonesia can work together and there are many Indonesian fisheries products that can be exported to Fuzhou,” Trenggono said in a written statement, Saturday (5/27/2023).
He said this when he met a member of the Permanent Committee of the China Communist Party (CPC) of Fujian Province who was also the Secretary of the Fuzhou CPC Committee, Lin Bao Jin in Fuzhou, Friday (5/26) yesterday. His visit to Fuzhou in the context of Twin Twin Park Two Countries cooperation between Indonesia and China, especially in the field of maritime and fisheries.
Trenggono also met with the Mayor of the people of Fuzhou City, Mr. Wu Xiande, as well as a number of fisheries industry players. In addition to the potential of trade cooperation, his party also offers cooperation opportunities in other fields, such as aquaculture, capture, and processing industry.
“Indonesia also has a large capture and cultivation fisheries resources, supported by an attractive bay and a broad coast. Indonesian fisheries governance also prioritizes the principles of blue economy that prioritizes sustainability,” he explained.
Meanwhile Lin Bao Jin, a member of the Permanent Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, Fujian Province who is also the Secretary of the City Committee Fuzhou welcomed the proposal of cooperation in the field of fisheries with Indonesia. According to him, both Indonesia and Fuzhou City have the same commitment to maintaining marine ecology’s sustainability. In fact, both of them already have a bigger cooperation umbrella namely Two Countries Twin Park.
“We have a good opinion about the deepening of strategic cooperation between China and Indonesia, the deepening of the implementation of the development of ‘two countries, two parks’, and strengthening exchanges and exchanges between Indonesia and Fuzhou, Fujian Province,” said Lin Bao Jin.
For information, Trenggono’s agenda in the city of Fuzhou includes visiting the Hongdong Fisheries Group and Mawey Mingceng Aquatic Product Market which is part of the modern fisheries industry in the region.

May 27, 2023, detikFinance
(https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-6741636/ri-jajaki-peluang-kerja-sama-perikanan-dengan-kota-maritim-china)

Jokowi Bags IKN Investment Commitments from Japanese Firms

President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo has reeled in investment commitments from Japanese organizations for the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) project during the Group of Seven (G7) Summit in Hiroshima. On the sidelines of the summit over the weekend, Jokowi met with 33 Japanese delegates comprising three government officials and representatives from 24 companies, four business associations, and two financial institutions.
“That meeting discussed investment cooperation in Indonesia’s priority sectors, mainly highlighting investments in IKN development,” Foreign Minister Retno L.P. Marsudi told an online press conference on Sunday.
The results of the President’s meeting included five memorandums of understanding (MoUs) the IKN Authority signed with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), the Japan International Association for the Industry of Building and Housing (JIBH), the Japan Conference on Overseas Development of Eco-Cities (J-CODE) and the Urban Renaissance Agency (UR). The meeting also resulted in 24 letters of intent (LoIs) between the IKN Authority and Japanese companies, though no details were disclosed at Sunday’s press conference. According to Investopedia, moUs contain broad outlines of an agreement between two or more parties, while LoIs are nonbinding documents that declare a preliminary commitment to do business together.
“And Mr. President called for the Japanese companies to invest in other priority sectors, such as the downstream industry and the energy transition. The President stated several times that he was happy to cooperate with Japan because it had good quality. In the meeting with CEOs, the President addressed several points, that amid global economic uncertainty, the Indonesian economy was one of the most resilient” Retno told reporters.
Jokowi also spoke about investment opportunities in the IKN project during his meeting with South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol, in addition to electric vehicles, renewables, and the chemicals industry. Citing the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Retno said the Indonesian economy was projected to grow 5% this year and 5.1% in 2024.
On Saturday, Jokowi met with IMF managing director Kristalina Georgieva as a side event of the G7 Summit. During that meeting, the IMF presented its assessment of the condition of the Indonesian economy as good and stable, with growth exceeding the global average. Jokowi also met with French President Emmanuel Macron on the sidelines of the G7 Summit, during which the two leaders discussed France’s 500-million-euro (US$541 million) assistance via the French Development Agency (AFD) for Indonesia’s energy transition program. They also spoke about a plan to form a joint venture between Indonesia’s state-owned defense firm PT Len Industri and Paris-based manufacturer Thales. At the summit, Jokowi raised his concern about the sluggish progress of G7 countries in fulfilling their financing commitment to the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) for Indonesia and the JETPs for South Africa and Vietnam.
On Monday, Yamada Junichi, executive senior vice president at JICA, said investors under the agency are ready to support investment in infrastructure for the new capital, such as renewing Balikpapan airport and power supply facilities. Tadashi Maeda, chairman of the board of JBIC, said in the same statement that the lender is committed to supporting the new capital development by focusing investment on renewable energy such as hydropower.

May 22, 2023, The Jakarta Post
(https://www.thejakartapost.com/business/2023/05/22/jokowi-bags-ikn-investment-commitments-from-japanese-firms.html)

Indonesian Rupiah Wins World Awards, Beats Currencies of 29 Countries

The Indonesian Rupiah issued in 2022 managed to receive an award from the International Association of Currency Affairs (IACA). The Rupiah defeated the currency from dozens of other countries. Rupiah became
the Best New BankNote Series at the 17th Currency Award in 2023 in Mexico. IDR 100,000, IDR 50,000, IDR 20,000, IDR 10,000, IDR 5,000, IDR 2,000 and IDR 1,000, Head of the Department of Money Management of Bank Indonesia (BI) Marlison Hakim revealed that with this award means the Rupiah is recognized by the world.
“There are 11 countries, including Indonesia which are nominees. Then five finalist countries were chosen. Of the five finalist countries, Indonesia was named the winner,” he told AFP on Thursday (5/18/2023).
Marlison explained that the winner’s assessment element was determined through criteria that included innovation and unique security features, integration of historical elements with local content related to the publisher country, the effectiveness of integrating security features, and the aesthetics of the appearance and design of banknotes.
The achievement at the highest position of the Rupiah TE 2022 in the world-level award is one form of international affirmation of the quality of the Indonesian Rupiah. This success continues the previous achievement achieved by the 75 -year -old Independence Day of the Republic of Indonesia IDR 75,000 as the Best Commemorative finalist at the 2022 Currency Award.
Executive Director of the BI Communication Department Erwin Haryono explained that the Iaca Currency Awards were awards given to the achievements of the development and innovation in the cash payment sector, which was participated by 29 countries in 2023. The peak of this award was packaged in a conference held in Mexican City.
The Iaca Award began in 2007 to promote and recognize the quality of banknotes and coins, processes, management, distribution, and cash-related activities. Iaca, domiciled in Texas, USA, established in 2004, is an independent non-profit organization that drives the quality of the cash cycle, functioning as a forum for consultancy and collaboration for the perpetrators of the cash payment system whose members consist of the central bank, the money publishing authority, and industry Like money printing companies, suppliers of money printing materials.
“This Rupiah is equipped with various strengthening and innovations in the design aspects, safety elements, and money materials so that the Rupiah money is more beautiful, safer, and more durable,” he said.
Innovation and strengthening of the Rupiah make the Rupiah more easily recognized, challenging to falsify, and have a more extended distribution period so that the Rupiah money is increasingly qualified and trusted and becomes a legal means of payment and symbols of the sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.

May 18, 2023, detikFinance
(https://finance.detik.com/moneter/d-6726505/top-rupiah-menang-penghargaan-dunia-kalahkan-mata-uang-29-negara)

Indonesia and Egypt in Collaborationwith the Formation of the Joint Trade Committee

Indonesian Minister of Trade Zulkifli Hasan and Egyptian Minister of Trade and Industry Ahmed Samir Saleh signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to form a Joint Trade Committee (JTC). The cooperation aims to promote and increase trade cooperation between the two countries. This was revealed by Zulhas during a bilateral meeting between the two ministers in Cairo, Egypt, today. The signing of the MoU was included in the Minister of Trade Mission Zulkifli Hasan series to Egypt, May 14-16, 2023.
“Today, Minister Ahmed and I have signed an MoU for the formation of JTC Indonesia-Egypt,” Zulhas said in a written statement Monday (5/15/2023).
He said efforts to promote and improve trade cooperation between the two countries could be taken by JTC, among others, through the identification and application of steps to increase trade relations, solving problems and trading barriers, as well as the role of a medium of consultation and exchange of trade information. Both countries project JTC to become a medium that can accommodate aspirations and input from the community of business actors in each country.
“I hope that the JTC forum can be utilized optimally to identify the various potentials of increasing trade in the two countries as well as a forum for completing trading obstacles oriented to common interests,” he explained.
He added the formation of JTC based on the leaders’ joint statement of Indonesian President Joko Widodo and Egyptian President Abdel Fatah Al-Sisi during the visit of Egypt’s President to Jakarta on 4 September 2015.
Zulhas said that the total trade in Indonesia and Egypt in January-March 2023 was recorded at US $ 432.90 million, consisting of exports of USD 379.40 million and imports of US $ 53.50 million. Indonesia’s surplus of US $ 325.80 million. In the last five years (2018-2022), Indonesia consistently recorded a trading surplus against Egypt, with a trend of 9.82 percent.
Meanwhile 2022, the recorded total Indonesian and Egyptian trade reached US $ 1.56 billion. Indonesia’s exports to Egypt were recorded at US $ 1.43 billion, and Indonesia’s imports from Egypt were US $ 226 million. Indonesia’s surplus over Egypt of US $ 1.11 billion.
“Indonesia’s main export products to Egypt include palm oil, coffee, coconut, thread, and spare parts. Meanwhile, the main import commodity of Indonesia from Egypt is phosphate mineral fertilizer, dates, figs, pine, avocado, guava, mineral fertilizer, drops resulting from the extraction or purification of sugar, and natural calcium phosphate, “he concluded.
Meanwhile, Ahmed Samir Saleh also welcomed the cooperation. According to him, Indonesia is an important trading partner country for Egypt.
“Indonesia is an important partner country for Egypt. We agree that trade relations must be increased to a higher level,” concluded Ahmed.

May 15, 2023, detikFinance
(https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-6722299/mendag-ri–mesir-jalin-kerja-sama-pembentukan-joint-trade-committee)

Indonesia is Now the Supplier of Live Chickens to Singapore

A neighboring country, Singapore, is now getting a supply of live chickens from Indonesia. This was marked by the first export of 23 thousand live chickens to Singapore conducted by the Japfa Group. The export of live chickens by sea. The chicken results from the cultivation of PT Ciomas Adisatwa in Bintan Regency, Riau Islands, a subsidiary of PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk. This export is an important milestone for new shipping options to supply fresh chickens to Singapore by sending live chickens by sea and slaughtered in the destination country.
“With strict requirements from the country, Japfa succeeded in meeting Singapore’s requests and standards. A total of 1,500 tons or around 900,000 live chickens are targeted to be exported to Singapore in 2023. The first delivery of live chickens in the first history is a collaboration between Japfa, the government of Indonesia, Singapore, and other stakeholders, “said the Director of Japfa, Harwanto in a written statement, quoted Sunday (5/14/2023).
Now Japfa plays an essential role in providing food ingredients for people in the Asian region. By promoting high-quality standards, food safety, and corporate governance, Japfa has the capacity to meet Singapore’s food security strategies.
“We are happy to be able to contribute to Singapore’s food security strategies by providing fresh chicken for local consumers,” said the Tan Yong Nang JAPFA Group (Ltd), Chief Executive Officer.
On the other hand, the Director General of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health at the Ministry of Agriculture, Nasrullah, said that this export proves that Indonesian livestock products have good quality and can meet food security guarantees in accordance with international standards.
“As we also know, the potential for the production of national chicken meat in 2022 was recorded as many as 3.67 million tons. This shows that Indonesia is a country that is able to supply the needs of poultry and its derivative products not only for the people of Indonesia but are ready to supply global food needs,” he explained.
He said export feasibility standards were proven by some local and international certifications, such as Avian Influenza (AI) free compartment certificates, veterinary control number certificates (NKV), halal product certificates, and the application of ISO 2200 Quality Issue Management, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), and Food Safety System Certification (FSSC) 22000. Meanwhile, the Indonesian Ambassador in Singapore, Suryo Pratomo said the export of chickens lived to Singapore as a sign of increasing trade cooperation.
“This export is a milestone that marks an increase in more cohesive trade cooperation between Indonesia and Singapore. This export is also a concrete follow-up of the meeting between the two leaders in the Leaders Retreats last May in Singapore. Previously Indonesia succeeded in exporting frozen chickens and Processed chicken products since June last year, “he said.
Meanwhile, in the Indonesian Trade Attaché in Singapore, Billy Anugrah, in 2022, Indonesia is expected to import 228,000 tons of chicken, both live chickens, chilled or frozen chicken, and processed chicken products. The majority of chickens come from Brazil (51%), Malaysia (24%), the United States (11%), and other countries (14%).

May 15, 2023, detikFinance
(https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-6720391/ri-kini-pasok-ayam-hidup-ke-singapura)

Indonesian Trade Balance Surplus US $ 3.94 Billion in April 2023

Indonesia’s trade balance in April 2023 experienced a US $3.94 billion surplus. The surplus was triggered by a decrease in oil and gas imports. The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) reports that this trade balance surplus is a 36-month-up surplus in a row. The surplus was much higher than in March 2023, which reached US $ 2.91 billion.
Deputy for BPS Statistics and Statistical Information Imam Machdi revealed a surplus due to a lower decrease in imports of exports. Non-oil and gas imports have decreased throughout April 2023 by 22.27% on an annual basis. The development of imports in April 2023, the import value of IDR 15.35 billion or down 25.45% when compared to March 2023. If detailed, oil and gas imports are worth US $2.96 billion or down 1.98% compared to March 2023.
“In the last three years, the changes in April imports have always fallen, the decline in non-oil and gas imports by 29.48% in April because there was a war from several commodities,” said Imam.
This surplus position is higher than the market consensus compiled by the CNBC Indonesia Research Team. A total of 12 institutions estimate that the trade balance surplus in April 2023 will reach US $3.34 billion. Consensus also shows that exports will still be contracted by 19.31% (year on year/yoy) while imports have dropped 7%. For the record, the export value of March 2023 plummeted 11.33% (yoy) but increased 9.89% (month to month/mtm). Imports contracted 6.62% (yoy) but jumped 29.33% (mtm).

May 15, 2023, CNBC Indonesia
(https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20230515103347-4-437319/mantap-neraca-perdagangan-ri-surplus-us-394-m-di-april-2023)